Tehran – Astragalus, a medicinal plant with deep cultural and ecological roots in Iran, is increasingly recognized as a cornerstone of the country’s ecosystems and rural economies.

 

Known locally as Gavan, the plant is both abundant and diverse, with Iran hosting 854 species across 21.4 million hectares of natural landscapes - making the country one of the global centers of Astragalus diversity.

 

Ecologists highlight the plant’s vital role in protecting fragile soils. With its deep and far-reaching roots, Astragalus prevents erosion and enhances soil stability, especially in Iran’s arid and semi-arid zones where irregular rainfall and sparse vegetation threaten land degradation.

 

Beyond soil conservation, Astragalus supports biodiversity. Its shrubs and herbs provide food, shelter, and nesting sites for insects, birds, and small mammals, strengthening ecological balance and resilience.

 

Economically, Astragalus underpins local livelihoods. The plant is a major nectar source for high-value honey, prized for its medicinal qualities and distinctive flavor. Several species also yield gum used in pharmaceuticals as a natural binder and stabilizer. In addition, Astragalus serves as livestock forage and features prominently in traditional medicine, where its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antimicrobial properties have been valued for centuries.

 

Experts warn, however, that overgrazing, land-use change, and human encroachment pose risks to its survival. Conservation efforts, including the creation of dedicated Astragalus reserves, are seen as essential to protecting its genetic diversity and ensuring the health of ecosystems that depend on it.

 

“Astragalus is not only a plant of medicinal and economic value,” an agricultural researcher noted, “it is a silent guardian of Iran’s soil and biodiversity. Protecting it means protecting the foundation of sustainable life in vast regions of the country.”